TOEFL 閱讀心得11

(11) 解題技巧(下)

7. Sentence simplify (paraphrase)

就是句法分析，

建議把句子自己寫下來分析

保證快狠準

經驗談：

如果選項中有漏掉關鍵字的，絕大機率不是最佳答案

題目常企圖用混淆關係的手段來誘惑你，所以不要只看到有關鍵字就選

例如原文寫A need B，誘導答案就寫成 B need A

所以要確認關係。

下面就來個實例

知英reading 15回

This basic fact of environmental circumstance has been the most pervasive influence in determining the social arrangements, and cultural practices of the people who have managed to settle and eke out a livelihood under what are, in most cases, very marginal conditions.

(a) Social arrangements and cultural practices have been the most important factors in determining how well the people have been able to eke out a living under basic environmental circumstances that were less than ideal

(b) The people's ability to survive under the difficult conditions they were faced with was influenced both by the basic environmental circumstances and by the social arrangement and cultural practices in the places they settled.

(C) The most important influence over the development of the social arrangements and cultural practices of the people who have managed to survive under conditions that are typically far from ideal had been this basics feature of their environment.

(D) The cultural and social characteristics of the island societies represented the most basic determining factors in how well the people were able to survive under environmental conditions that were difficult at best.

各位看倌，若能承受題目第一波衝擊

在選項的衝擊下...不知有多少人不會發瘋

大多馬上就有放棄的念頭了吧~~!

calm down, calm down.

但是做了簡單的語法分析後，會發現其實很簡單。

自從使用了這個方法後，幾乎很少錯過這類型的題目。

首先來看題目，改寫重點：

1.去掉不必要的形容詞、副詞，關係代名詞子句；就是只有修飾功能的字句。

2.寫名詞寫簡寫，寫中文也可以

題目可以簡化成 

basic fact of envir. circu.  is  important factors,

in determining in

1) social arrangment and

2) cultural practice of the people who~~~ 

所以，原句可以表達成

「環境是強力的影響，它決定了social arrangements, cultural practices」

而正確表達這個意思就只有C。

而答案C只不過倒過來寫而已，

「最重要的影響關於social arrangments和cultrual practices是環境」

另外還有一種改寫的題型，

它不是以文句很長為難度，反倒是句子短短的，但是選項出奇難選，

來個我有印象的真實考題，

題目

Developmental psychologists use specific research methods just as the psychologists of other fields.

(1) Developmental psychologist use the same methods as the psychologist in other fields.

(2) Psychologists use different methods to do research.

(3) Psychologists all have specifc research methods.

(4) The methods used by developmental psychologists and psychologists sometimes are different, and sometimes are the same.

你體會一下；

答案應該是(3)

我的經驗是，看過題目還覺得意思滿清楚簡單的，

但是看完選項後，原先題目寫的是什麼東西卻被搞的亂七八遭，

還會懷疑自己的理解是不是錯了。

我想，題目寫下來分析，會減少選項的干擾的程度。

關於這長句子結構的練習，

有興趣的話可以參考

https://skydrive.live.com/?cid=666f1f41aa0da126&id=666F1F41AA0DA126%215724

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另外，其實這樣的較多層的結構也是有在用的，

比方說，在TIME雜誌中有滿多的，所以不要以為只會出現在考試之中唷~

ex. Outside his window in Kathmandu's cavernous royal palace, a pale sun is setting over the Himalayas, the day staff is leaving in a hushed file through the western gate and a flock of hundreds of ravens is settling noisily into the firs; as night falls, the birds in the royal gardens cease their cawing and a gloomy silence descends upon the dimly lit palace.

或是你想挑戰一下超難的：

After an hour or so - the sun was rapidly sinking, the white clouds had turn red, the woods purple, the valleys black- a trumpet sounded.

Orlando leapt to his feet. (片語：跳了起來)

The shrill sound came from the valley.

It came from a dark spot down there; a spot compact and mapped out(安排); a town, yet girt(gird的過去式) about the walls; it came from the heart of his own great house in valley, which, dark before even as he looked and the single trumpet duplicated and reduplicated itself with other shriller sounds(此句插入句), lost its darkness and became pierced with lights.

Some were small hurry lights, as if servants dashed along corridors(走廊) to answer summonses; others were high and lustrous lights, as if they burn in empty banqueting halls made ready to receive guests who had not come, and others dipped and waved and sank and rose(rise的過去式), as if held in the hands of troops of serving men, bending, kneeling, rising, receiving, guarding, and escorting with all dignity indoors(adv.) a greet princess alighting(下來) form her chariot(四輪禮車).

Coaches turned and wheeled in the courtyard.

Horses tossed their plumes.

The Queen had come.

 .... (下篇待續 )