2013年9月12日 星期四

十類經典句式”頻繁“出鏡

進一步總結和分析歷年TOEFL聽力考試的內容,不難發現有十類句式“出鏡頻繁”:

Mine:


1 同意肯定類
2 反對否定類
3 問寒問暖類
4 建議類
5 謝絕類
6 責備類
7 鼓勵類
8 抱怨類
9 道歉類
10.虛擬類


Mine + Model + Multiply + Memorize = Miracle

為了攻克句式難關,就讓我們按照模仿擴展再到背誦的學習流程,持之以恆,苦練不懈。相信奇跡離我們只有一步之遙!

學習句式不能脫離上下文,因為只有上下文可以突出句子的特質,幫助我們更好地理解和學習。下面,我就通過歷年考試中的典型對話範例,為大家解析TOEFL聽力必考的“十類經典句式”

1. 同意肯定類
Model:
1[2001.1.29]
—— This casserole really tastes good. I guess that’s because the vegetables in it are fresh instead of canned. (這種蒸鍋做出來的菜真好吃。我想是因為其中的蔬菜是新鮮的,而不是罐裝的。)
—— I know. Kind of rare treat in this cafeteria. 同意。這可是學生食堂裏少見的待遇啊!)

2[1998.5.16]
—— Boy, how quickly technology changes. So many people have a computer in their home nowadays. (天呢!科技真是日新月異啊。如今很多人家裏都有電腦了。)
—— I know. I feel so behind the time. 是啊。我感覺自己已經落伍了。)

3[1997.8.27]
—— This room is freezing.(這個房間冷極了。)
—— You can say that again.你再說一遍也不為過。

4[1998.8.27]
—— I get the feeling that Sally never listens to me.(我覺得Sally從不聽我的。)
—— You said it. It’s as if she were always using time to rehearse what she will say next.我同意。好像她說的每句話都事先彩排過。)

5[1997.1.30]
—— The concert pianist is fantastic.(音樂會上那個鋼琴家真棒。)
—— And how. 當然了!

6[1995.10.12]
—— Does Prof. Ford always come to class?Ford教授總是來上課嗎?)
—— Is ice cold? 冰是冷的嗎?言外之意:冰當然是冷的,Yes, he does always come to class.

7[1995.10.9]
—— I always want a little something to eat about this time of day.(每天的這個時候,我總想找點東西來吃。)
—— So do I. Let's have a snack now and then have a light lunch later.我也是。讓我們吃點兒點心,然後中午少吃點。)

Multiply:
歷年TOEFL聽力最常考同意肯定類句式彙編:


l                  Well said.
l                  Well done.
l                  Me, too.
l                  You bet.
l                  I’ll say.
l                  And how.
l                  I know.
l                  why not!
l                  Go ahead.
l                  Sure thing.
l                  It sure is.
l                  No doubt.
l                  So do I.
l                  No objection.
l                  Count me in.
l                  There you go!
l                  By all means.
l                  Would I ever!
l                  You might say…
l                  That’s for sure.
l                  As far as I know.
l                  To say the least.

l                  Great idea!
l                  True enough.
l                  That’s how I feel.
l                  Now, that’s an idea.

l                  Well, that’s the thing.
l                  Is ice cold? = Does a bird fly?
l                  No / Little / Small wonder.
l                  I couldn’t agree more.
l                  It couldn’t be better.
l                  Doesn’t (/Isn’t ) it ever!
l                  You can say that again.
l                  Doesn’t (/Isn’t ) it, though.
l                  Won’t I! = Don’t I! = Aren’t I!
l                  I can’t help thinking the same.
l                  That’s just what I was thinking.
l                  Good job. = Nice work. = Nice going.
l                  I’m of exactly the same opinion as yours.
l                  I agree entirely/ absolutely/ with your opinion.
l                  I am enthusiastic about what you just suggested.

注意:玩兒命背過以上各句直至滾瓜爛熟。今後考試中,無論聽到上面哪個句子,無須多想,只要理解為I agree with you. 即可幫助我們迅速準確地做出判斷

2. 反對否定類
Model:
  1[2000.1.17]
—— Why didn’t you go to hockey finals last weekend? You missed a great game.(為什麼你上週末沒去看冰球決賽?你錯過了一場偉大的比賽。)
—— Oh, come on. You know how sensitive I am to loud noise.別拿我尋開心了。你知道我對噪音很敏感的。)

2[1999.1.28]
—— Will you be living in the dorm this year?(你今年還住宿舍嗎?)
—— Not if I can help it. I’ve been thinking of renting an apartment off campus with some friends of mine.才不呢。我正想跟朋友到校外合租呢!)

3[1998.10.8]
—— I hear you are thinking about moving back into the dorm next semester. (我聽說你想在下學期搬會宿舍住。)
—— Who told you that? I’d never give up my apartment.誰說的?我從未放棄過公寓。)

 4[1996.5.27]
—— I thought Pam said the math test wasn't until Monday.(我原以為Pam說週一考數學。)
—— Ellen, you should know better than to take Pam's words for anything.Ellen, 不應該Pam的話當真。)

Multiply:
歷年TOEFL聽力最常考反對否定類句式彙編:

l                  Never.
l                  No way.
l                  Forget it!
l                  Come on.
l                  Says who?
l                  Not likely.
l                  Cut it out!
l                  I doubt it.
l                  So you say.
l                  Probably not.
l                  Don’t bet on it.
l                  I don’t see why.
l                  Oh no, you don’t!
l                  I don’t think so.
l                  Give me a break.
l                  Don’t count on it.
l                  Don’t look at me.
l                  Don’t be too sure.

l                  Not if I can help it.
l                  I wouldn’t say that.
l                  I won’t allow you.
l                  You can’t mean that!
l                  You can’t be serious!
l                  I couldn’t agree less.

l                  Stop what you are doing.
l                  I’m not really sure about that.
l                  I don’t think that is a good idea.
l                  Who says so? = Who says that?
l                  Are you kidding? = Are you joking?
l                  I don’t agree with what you just said.
l                  I really must take issue with you there.
l                  Not in a million years.
l                  I wouldn’t if I were you.
l                  You must be kidding. = You gotta be kidding me.

特別提醒:TOEFL聽力中還會出現沒有否定詞的否定結構,給我們造成理解上的阻力。
l                  Be too… to … = 太……以致於不能……
l                  Be the last +相當於定語從句的句子 = 最不……
l                  You should know better than to do sth.=You shouldn’t do sth.

注意:玩兒命背過以上各句直至脫口而出。今後考試中,無論聽到上面哪個句子,無須多想,只要理解為I disagree with you. 即可幫助我們迅速準確地做出判斷

Bonus:
除了以上這些經典句式之外,在TOEFL聽力中,表示反對否定之意的句式還可能具有以下兩大特徵:

1. 以升調結尾的句子。(“語氣語調”一章有詳細闡述) 比如:

1[1998.5.7]
——My doctor told me I needed to go for some expensive treatment for my injured knee.(醫生跟我講我需要對受傷的膝蓋進行昂貴的治療。
—— Are you sure? Maybe you need a second opinion.你肯定嗎?或許你需要問一下專家的意見。注意:升調表反對。

2[1995.10.29]
—— According to this article, the former boxing champ is going to try again. He's coming out of the retirement for the third time.(根據這篇文章所言,前拳王又要出山了。他這是第三次東山再起了。)
—— Is a comeback at his age at all likely?他這個年齡想東山再起,可能嗎?

2以“How”或“Why”兩個疑問詞打頭的句子。 比如:

1[1998.8.北美(25]
—— This heat is unbearable. If only we’d gone to the beach instead.(這裏的炎熱讓人難以忍受。但願我們去沙灘避暑。)
—— WhyWith the museums and restaurants in Washington, I’d be happy here no matter what the weather.為什麼!華盛頓有這麼多的博物館和飯店,不管天氣怎樣,我還是寧願呆在這裏。

2[1997.12.北美(30]
—— I have two exams and three papers to get done in the next couple of days.(我要在下面的兩天之內,完成兩次考試和三篇論文。)
——How did it get so backed up?怎麼都堆到一起來了?

3問寒問暖類
Model:
 1[2000.1.26]
—— What’s with you? You sure don’t look like yourself.你怎麼了?氣色不是很好。)
—— Stay away from me. I don’t know what I’ve got. But whatever it is, you don’t want to catch it.(離我遠點。我不知道得了啥病。可不管是啥,你都不想被傳染吧。)

2[1998.5.11]
—— What’s up with Donald? I’ve never seen him so happy.Donald怎麼了?從沒見他這麼高興。)
—— His supervisor gave performance evaluations this morning.(今天他導師發表現評估了。)

3[1996.5.25]
—— Pete’s really out of it these days.Pete這幾天有點心不在焉。
—— Yeah, I know. Ever since he met Ann, he’s been in another world.(同意,自從他遇見Ann, 他就魂不守舍了。)

4[1996.10.(26)]
——It’s good to see you, Mary. How have you been? (看見你真高興,Mary你好嗎?)
——Actually I have been feeling under the weather recently. (其實這兩天我身子不大舒服。)

Multiply:
歷年TOEFL聽力最常考的其他問寒問暖類句式彙編:

問候彙編:
l                  Morning. (早上好。)
l                  Hi, there! (嗨,你好!)
l                  Hey! (嗨!)
l                  What’s up? (你好嗎?)
l                  What’s new? (怎麼樣?)
l                  What’s the latest? (最近怎麼樣?)
l                  How are you doing? (你好嗎?)
l                  How is everything? (一切都好嗎?)
l                  How’s it going? (怎麼樣?)
l                  How are things with you? (一切都好嗎?)


回答彙編:
l                  I’m on top of the world.(我好極了。)
l                  I’m full of joy of spring.(我非常快樂。)
l                  Can’t complain.(一切還好。)
l                  Still alive, just.(還活著。)
l                  Very well. (很好。)
l                  Couldn’t be better.(不能再好了。)
l                  Not much. (一般。專門回答Whats up?
l                  Could be worse.(不怎麼好。)
l                  I am very well indeed, thank you.(我真得非常好,謝謝。)

4建議類
Model:
1[2000.1.3]
——I sure wish I had a metric ruler with me. I need the measurements in millimeters, not in inches and I’m tired of converting.(我真希望能有一把公制的尺子。我要用毫米量,不是英寸,而且我懶得換算。)
—— Would it make things go faster if you borrowed mine?如果你用我的會不會快一些?

 2[1999.8.1]
—— I was going to get something to eat at the cafeteria, but it seems to be closed.(我想去食堂吃點東西,但好像關門了。)
—— Oh, that’s because it’s Sunday. Why don’t you come with me to a place I know on Kennel Street(因為是禮拜天。為什麼不跟我去Kennel路上的飯店呢?

3[1999.8.9]
—— My hand still hurts from falling on the ice yesterday. I wonder if I broke something.(昨天在水上摔倒時我的手還在疼。是不是哪骨折了?)
—— I’m no doctor, but it’s not black and blue or anything. Maybe you just need to rest it for a few days.(我不是什麼醫生,但看上去也沒發青發紫。或許只要休息幾天就好了。

4[1995.10.13]
——Would you have some time to go over these questions with me?(有空兒跟我溫習這些題目嗎?)
—— How does tomorrow sound?明天怎麼樣?

Multiply:
歷年TOEFL聽力最常考的其他建議類句式彙編:

l                                          How about the whole week? (整個禮拜怎麼樣?)
l                                          Fancy having a party, then?  (開個舞會怎麼樣?)
l                                          Why don’t we take a taxi there?  (我們為什麼不坐計程車去那兒?)
l                                          We might as well walk there.  (我們不妨走著去那裏。)
l                                          Do you think it would be an idea to sell the car?  (你覺得賣掉這輛車行嗎?)
l                                          Why not do it now? (為什麼不現在做?)
l                                          Would 4 o’clock be all right?(四點可以嗎?)
l                                          Let’s go watch the fireworks tonight.(讓我們今晚看煙火去吧。)
l                                          You’d better wrap it up before tomorrow.(你最好明天之前幹完。)
l                                          If I were you, I wouldn’t even think of it.(如果我是你,連想也不想。)
l                                          Would it make things go faster if you borrowed mine?(如果你用我的會不會快一些?)
l                                          Maybe you just need to rest it for a few days. 或許只要休息幾天就好了。)
l                                          How does tomorrow sound?(明天怎麼樣?)
l                                          Let’s go to the seaside.  (我們去海邊吧。)
l                                          Let’s go shopping, shall we?  (我們去逛街,好嗎?)
l                                          What about playing tennis, then?  (打網球怎麼樣?)
l                                          How about staying indoors?  (呆在屋裏如何?)
l                                          I tell you what: we’ll go hiking.  (我跟你說:我們將去遠足。)
l                                          May/ Might I suggest that you update your resume?  (我建議你修訂你的簡歷。)
l                                          Would you care to join us, then?  (你願意加入我們中來嗎?)
l                                          Have you considered setting up your own company, then?  (你考慮過建立你自己的公司嗎?)
l                                          I suggest/ propose that you send him an E-mail instead of making a phone call.  (我建議/提議你給他發電子郵件而不是打電話。)

注意:玩兒命背過以上各句直至脫口而出。要知道,雖然建議句式變化多端,但是“萬變不離其宗”“為解決對方的困難和問題而提出辦法,予以幫助”是建議句式“以不變應萬變”的真理所在。

5.謝絕類
Model:
1[2000.1.22]
—— I’ve noticed that you spend a lot of time tending to your garden. Do you think you might like to join the university gardening club? We meet every other Tuesday.(我注意到你花很多時間打理你的花園。你想來參加學校的園林俱樂部嗎?每隔一周的週二活動。)
—— Oh, thanks for the invitation, but this is how I relax. I’d rather not make it something formal and structured.謝謝你的邀請,可我只是圖個清閒。不願意搞得那麼正式。)

2[1998.10.1]
—— A bunch of us are getting together to go to the basketball game on Saturday afternoon. You want to come?(下週六下午,我們中一些人要去看籃球比賽。想去嗎?)
—— Oh, I’d love to, but I have to work. 我當然想了,但我得工作。

3[1997.1.6]
—— We are having a party at our house on the weekend of the 30th. Would you like to join us?30號週末,我們要在家舉行個派對,想參加嗎?)
——That sounds like a lot of fun, but I'll need to check my calendar first.聽上去真不錯,但我得先查查我的日曆。

Multiply:
歷年TOEFL聽力最常考謝絕類句式彙編:

l                  I’m sorry , but I can’t.  (對不起,我不能去。)
l                  No, thanks.  (不,謝謝。)
l                  Oh, what a shame——I’m going to somewhere else.  (哦,太遺憾了——我要去別的地方。)
l                  Thanks, but unfortunately we already have plans.  (謝謝,但不巧的是我已經有計劃了。)
l                  Sorry, I can’t. But thanks anyway.  (抱歉,我不能去了。不過還是謝謝你。)
l                  I’d love to, but I’ve got an exam that afternoon.  (我很願意,但我那天下午有考試。)
l                  Well, er, that’s very kind of you, but I don’t usually get up till ten on Sundays.  (很感謝你,但我一般周日十點鐘才起床。)
l                  Unfortunately, I’ll have class that day. However, thank you for thinking of me.  (很不湊巧,那天我有課。不過,我感謝您邀請我。)
l                  I’m afraid I’ve already promised to go fishing with John. But thank you very much all the same.  (恐怕我已經答應和John去釣魚。不過還是要謝謝你。)
l                  That would be nice, but I’m afraid I’m rather tied up.  (那太好了,不過恐怕我很忙。)
l                  Much to my regret, I have an important appointment with Mr. Sheila.  很遺憾,我和Sheila先生有個重要的約會。)
l                  Much as I should like to, I’m afraid I’m already booked up for that day. However, thank you for inviting me.  (儘管我很願意去,恐怕我那天都已經有安排了。不過,謝謝您邀請我。)


注意:玩兒命背過以上各句直至脫口而出。不難發現:老外在拒絕別人的時候,永遠採取“先揚後抑”的表達方式(這一點跟抱怨類句式很相似),即:先說明自己多麼多麼感謝對方的邀請;多麼多麼喜歡對方的提議,然後一狠心,說明自己很是遺憾,不能前去。

牢牢記住:謝絕類句式中永遠帶有“BUT”或類似的轉折詞。


6.責備類
Model:

1[1999.1.25]
——If George misses one more meeting, we are going to have to find one new committee secretary.(如果George再不來開會的話,我們就只能招聘新的委員會秘書了。)
——We’d better give him an ultimatum.我們最好給他下個最後通牒。

2[1996.12.12]
—— Could you turn down your stereo a bit, I really can't concentrate on my book.(你能把聲量關小點嗎?我沒法集中注意力看書了。)
—— Why didn't you just say so? 你為什麼不早說?

3[1998.5.20]
——I am in a terrible mood. My boss didn’t like the report I wrote.(我心情很糟。老闆不喜歡我寫的報告。)
—— Well, don’t take it out on me. 有脾氣別沖我發。

4[1998.5.30]
—— I hope you are not too put out with me for stopping by Fred’s on the way over here. I had to pick up an assignment.(我希望你不要因為我在來的路上,順便去了一趟Fred家而對我生氣。我得拿回作業。)
—— Well, that’s not a big deal. But you might at least phone if you know you are going to keep someone waiting那沒什麼大不了的。但是你若要別人等你的話,至少應該先來個電話吧!

Multiply:
歷年TOEFL聽力最常考責備類句式彙編:

l              You shouldn’t have done it.(你不該這麼做。)
l              Why did you do that?(你為什麼那麼做?)
l              You might at least do that.(你至少應該做了。)
l              You were supposed to do that.(你早就應該這麼做了。)
l              I’m tired of always cleaning the house by myself. Can’t you help me?  (我對總是由我打掃房間很厭煩。你就不能幫我一下?)
l              I’m upset about your behavior at the meeting. You shouldn’t let criticism get to you.  (我對你在會議上的行為很失望。你不應該引起別人的批評。)
l              That performance was nothing special.  (那個演出沒什麼特別的。)
l              Why didn’t you do that?(你當時為什麼不那麼做?)

注意:要特別提醒大家的是:由於責備所涉及的內容往往是已經發生過的事情或行為,所以責備類句式的時態是固定的,那就是:過去時。這也是區別責備類句式和建議類句式的有效手段。


7.鼓勵類
Model:
1[1999.8.13]
—— I’m worried about my jewelry business. I really thought I’d do better.(我對我的珠寶生意感到很焦慮。我真地以為會做得更好些。)
 —— At least you broke even. That’s better than most people do in their first year.至少你不賠不賺,那可比大多數人強多了。)

2[1998.8. 北美(26]
—— I don’t know what to do with Timmy. This morning I found orange juice spilled all over the kitchen floor.(我不知該拿Timmy怎麼辦。今天早晨,我發現廚房地板上,橙汁灑得一塌糊塗。)      
—— Don’t be so hard on him. He’s only four.不要對他太苛刻。他才四歲。)

3[1997.1.5]
——I’ve been running a mile every afternoon for the past month. But I still haven’t been able to lose more than a pound or two. I wonder if it’s worth it.(我上個月每天下午都跑步一英里,但連一、兩磅都沒能減下去。我想知道這樣做是否值得。)
—— Oh, don’t give up. It always seems hard when you are just starting out.別放棄。萬事開頭難嘛。

Multiply:
歷年TOEFL聽力最常考鼓勵類句式彙編:

l                  You can do it!  (你做得了!)
l                  Come on!  (加油!)
l                  Stick to it!  (堅持住!)
l                  Keep it up!  (堅持下去!)
l                  Keep at it!  (使勁!/加油幹!)
l                  Don’t give up!  (別放棄!)
l                  Never say die!  (不要輕言放棄!)
l                  I’m right behind you!  (我支持你!)
l                  You’re doing fine!  (你做得好!)
l                  I’m very proud of you.  (我為你感到驕傲。)
l                  That’s better than I could do.  (比我做得好。)
l                  You have our backing.  (我們支持你。)
l                  There’s no reason to feel discouraged.  (沒理由感到氣餒。)
l                  There’s nothing to be discouraged about.  (沒什麼令人氣餒的。)


注意: TOEFL聽力反映的是Campus Life (校園生活),學生在生活和學習上不可避免地會遇到這樣那樣的困難和挫折,也只有在這種時候,最需要朋友和同學的鼓勵和安慰。自從2000年考試以來,鼓勵類句式層出不窮,值得我們認真研究和復習。

8.抱怨類
Model:
   1[2000.1.15]
—— Have you found out yet what hotel you will be staying in? I’m at the Gordon right across the street from the conference center.(你找到旅館了嗎?我住在會議中心對面的Gordon飯店。
—— Huh, Lucky you. I’m at the Apple Gates six miles away.你真是走運。我卻要住在6英里之外的蘋果門。

2[2000.1.23]
—— Does this music bother your studying, Pam?(音樂聲吵到你學習了嗎?)
—— Actually I’m not studying any more, but I’m trying to sleep.事實上,我沒在學習,但我想睡覺。

3
—— I'm going to complain about the slow service here.我要抱怨這裏的服務太慢。
—— Do you think it will help?(你覺得這樣做管用嗎?)

4[1996.10.2]
—— I thought this shirt was a great deal, but I wash it once and it’s shrunk so much that I can’t wear it.(我原以為這件襯衫買得很值,但洗過一次發現縮水很厲害,都不能穿了。)
—— Some bargain. You should ask for a refund.什麼便宜貨啊,你應該退款去。)

Multiply:
歷年TOEFL聽力最常考抱怨類句式彙編:

l          It’s more than I can bear.(我受不了了。)
l          I can no longer put up with it. (我再也受不了了。)
l          I’m just about had enough.  (我受夠了。)
l          Hey! For goodness sake!  (看在上帝的份上!)
l          Well, this is most unsatisfactory.  (恩,這很不令人滿意。)
l          I’m afraid the quality of the TV just isn’t good enough.  (恐怕這台電視的品質不怎麼好。)
l          I’m sorry to say this, but the sea food is not at fresh.  (說來很遺憾,這兒的海鮮一點都不新鮮。)
l          Something must be done.  (得採取些措施。)
l          I’m afraid I’ve got a complaint about the walkman.  (恐怕我要投訴這台隨身聽。)
l          I have a complaint to make.  (我要投訴。)
l          Would you mind not smoking here again?  (你不要再抽煙了,好嗎?)
l          I’m dissatisfied with the food here.  (我對這兒的飯菜不滿意。)
l          I’m not at all satisfied with the result.  (我對這個結果很不滿意。)
l          It’s not worth it.(不值。)
l          Some friend he is.(真不夠朋友。)
l          I’ve had it.(我受不了了。)
l          I cannot stand it. (我受不了了。)


9.道歉類
Model: 
1[1999.8.12]
—— Forgive the mess in here. You see we had a party last night. There were a lot of people. They all brought food, and the leftover’s are over the place.原諒我這兒的狼籍。昨晚開了個派對。很多人參加,每人都帶了食品,剩飯剩菜到處都是。)
—— Yeah, I can tell. Well, I guess it’s pretty obvious what you will be doing most of today.(我看得出。很明顯你得搞大半天的衛生了。)

2[1999.10.21]
—— I feel horrible. Deborah was furious that I lost her notes. Do you think I should apologize again?(我很害怕。Deborah因為我丟了她的筆記而火冒三丈。你認為我是不是應該再道個歉啊?
—— If I were you I’d let her cool off a few days before I talked to her. (如果我是你,會等她消了氣再說。)

3[1997.1.12]
—— John, I'm sorry, but I forgot to bring your tape player back.John對不起,我忘記把答錄機還給你了。
—— Well, as long as I get it by Friday.(禮拜五之前還我就行了。)

Multiply:
歷年TOEFL聽力最常考道歉類句式彙編:

l                  Oh, my fault for the failure.  (哦,這次失敗是我的錯。)
l                  How stupid/ silly/ clumsy/ careless of me to break the vase.  (我打碎了這個花瓶,我真愚蠢//粗心。)
l                  I feel bad about what I did/ what happened.  (我為我所做的/發生的事道歉。)
l                  I’m sorry I couldn’t make it to the party last week.  (抱歉我上周沒能去參加晚會。)
l                  I’m terribly/ awfully sorry about the accident.  (我對發生的事故十分抱歉。)
l                  I didn’t mean to hurt you. Will you forgive me?  (我不是有意傷害你。你能原諒我嗎?)
l                  Please accept my apologies for what I said just now.  (為我剛說的話,請接受我的道歉。)
l                  It/ That was very hasty/ foolish/ careless of me, I’m afraid.  (我是多麼的匆忙/愚蠢/粗心啊!)
l                  Please forgive me for breaking my promise.  (請原諒我食言。)
l                  I do beg your pardon.  (請你一定原諒我。)
l                  I can’t tell you how sorry I am.  (我無法表達我是多麼的歉疚。)


10.虛擬類
TOEFL聽力中的虛擬語氣類句式是歷年考試的難點所在。要想攻克它,必須從“根”上學習與鞏固。實際上,虛擬語氣句就是“非真實條件句”,即:“與事實相反”。所以要想知道實際情況也很簡單,只要將該虛擬語氣句加以否定即可。

一般而言,TOEFL聽力中常考的虛擬類句式可分為三類:

1)“if 引導的虛擬語氣結構:比如:

Model: 
I[1999.8.30]
—— I love sailing on the lake.(我喜歡在湖上航行時,清風吹過頭髮,清漪拂過面頰的清新感覺。)
—— I guess I would feel the same way, if I could swim.如果我會游泳,我也有同樣的感覺。言外之意:實際上,不會游泳,也沒有同樣的感覺。



II[1999.1.7]
——Hey, Larry. Wanna meet a few of us for coffee in a little while?Larry,等會兒想跟我們喝杯咖啡嗎?)
——Hmm. I would if I weren’t so far behind in this reading I’m doing for history.如果歷史學得好,我就去。言外之意:實際上,歷史沒學好,所以也不能去。

III[1993.5.15]
—— If I’d known he was driving downtown, I’d have asked him for a ride.(如果我知道他要開車去市中心的話,我就搭他的便車了。言外之意:實際上,我不知道他要開車去市中心,所以我也沒搭他的便車。

2)“If only 引導的虛擬語氣結構:比如:

Model: 
I[1998.10.19]
——It’s really cold outside. You should wear a scarf to keep your neck warm.(外面好冷啊。你應該戴條圍巾,給脖子保暖。)
—— That’s a good idea. If only I had one with me.(好主意。但願我有圍巾。言外之意:我還沒圍巾呢。

II[1993.7.北美(4]
——If only you’d told me about the problem sooner!但願你早點告訴我這個問題。言外之意:實際上,告知得太晚了。

3)“I wish 引導的虛擬語氣結構:比如:

Model:   
I. [20011。(27]
—— You waited at Tera’s Café yesterday, didn’t you? Was there much of a wait to be seated?(昨天你去Tera餐館吃飯,是不是等很久才有座位啊?
—— Was there?  Wish I’d brought a book or something to occupy my time.(當然了。真希望帶本書什麼的來消磨時間。言外之意:等位子吃飯的人很多,實際上,並沒有帶書消遣。

II[1997.10.23]
—— I wish we had more time for lunch.我真希望吃飯時間能長點兒。言外之意:實際上沒有那麼多時間吃飯。
—— Me, too. I get indigestion.(我也是。我都消化不良了。)

III[1996.8.13]
—— Would you like to come to Janet’s surprise party tomorrow night?(你明天晚上願意參加為Janet準備的驚喜派對嗎?)
—— I’m going to a concert tomorrow. I wish I could be in 2 places at once.(我要去聽音樂會。真希望能同時去兩個地方。言外之意:實際上,分身乏術,只能放棄派對了。


Bonus:   
一般而言,“I hope”是不引導虛擬語氣結構的,但TOEFL聽力中偏偏出現了個例外,讓我們記住它。

[1998.8.北美(14]
—— My roommate and I have decided to do our own cooking next semester.(我和室友決定下學期自己起爐灶做飯吃。)
—— Then I hope you’ll have a lighter schedule than this term.那我真希望你下學期的課程安排會輕鬆一些。言外之意:下學期會更忙,根本無法自己做飯。

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