動詞(或謂語結構)是句子的靈魂。無論是對話還是段落,對句意的把握很大程度上依賴對句中謂語結構的理解。TOEFL聽力對動詞的妙用已達到出神入化的地步。看似簡單、幼稚的小詞只要搭配不同,其含義便有天壤之別。正是這種動詞的多變性,給我們的解題帶來了巨大干擾,因而掌握和突破這些動詞顯得猶為重要。
仔細研究歷年考試,不難發現有十個動詞相當活躍,即:catch,come,do,get,go,keep,make,put,take,turn。它們看起來簡單無比,但各個都能不經意地擴展出若干個搭配結構,而且含義迥然不同。對這些搭配的迅速理解和準確定位正是ETS的考察重點。
由於這十個動詞各個“身懷絕技”,而且是我們解題的難中之難,姑且給它們起名為“十大魔鬼動詞”,下面我們就逐一給予分析和總結。
1.
Catch
Multiply:
歷年TOEFL聽力最常考的動詞catch搭配結構彙編:
catch a
cold 感冒;受涼
catch fire 著火
catch hold
of 抓住
catch on 流行;領會
例句:The new song
will catch on quickly.(這首歌很快就會流傳起來。)
catch on
to 理解
catch one’s
breath 喘氣;休息
catch one’s
eye 引人注目
catch sight
of 看見
catch up
with 趕上
2.
Come
Multiply:
歷年TOEFL聽力最常考的動詞come搭配結構彙編:
come along 過來
come along
with 隨同
come
across 偶爾遇見,偶爾發現
come at 襲擊;拜見
come by 從旁走過
come
around 到來
come around /
round to 贊成;同意
come back 回來
come down
with 因……而病倒
come to the
point 抓住要點
come into
contact with 與……接觸
come on 發生,趕快
come out 發行
come into
operation 啟用
come to a
standstill 停止
come to an
end 結束
come to
light 真相大白;顯露
come true 夢想成真
come up to 達到;符合;不辜負
come up
with 提出;趕上
例句:He came up with
a new idea.(他提出一個新想法。)
come a long
way 取得進展;明顯提高
come all the
way 遠道而來;大老遠跑來
come in
handy 遲早有用
come into
being 誕生,形成
come out
of 從(某場所)出來;出自
come to one’s
mind 想起
come to think
of it 回頭想起
come what
may 無論如何
3.
Do
Multiply:
歷年TOEFL聽力最常考的動詞do搭配結構彙編:
do a favor 幫忙
do good to 有益於
do harm to 有害於
do damage 使受到損失
do away
with 廢除;去掉
do over 重做
do one’s
best 竭盡全力
do with 與……有關
例句:It’s nothing to
do with me.(這事與我無關。)
do without 將就;沒……。也行
do dishes 洗碗
do the
windows 擦窗
do the
kitchen 收拾廚房
do the
beds 收拾床鋪
do one’s
teeth 刷牙
do one’s
face 抹粉
do one’s
hair 做頭髮
do one’s
tie 打領帶
do an
article 寫文章
do a film 拍電影
do the laundry 洗衣服
do the
washing 洗衣服
do a story 報導
do errands 差使;雜事
do justice
to… 公平地評價/對待
4.
Get
Multiply:
歷年TOEFL聽力最常考的動詞get搭配結構彙編:
get across 穿過;清楚表達;使理解
get accustomed
to = get used to 習慣於
get along
進展;相處;度日
get at 暗示
get away with
逃脫
例句:Can he get away
with that? (他做壞事能逃脫懲罰嗎?)
get bored doing 厭倦做某事
get down to
開始處理
get hurt
受傷
get one’s hopes up 使某人產生希望
get even with
扯平
get going
開始
get hold of
掌握;瞭解
get in the way
擋道
get in touch with 與……建立聯繫
get somewhere/nowhere 有(無)進展
get off the ground 有所進展;突破
get on one’s nerves 使……。心煩
get over
恢復;克服
get rid of
擺脫
get around to doing 抽時間做某事
get straight A’s (成績)得全A
get through
通過;完成
get together
集合;聚集;整理
get to the bottom of sth. 弄清真相
get a bite to
eat 隨便吃點東西
get along
without… 可以沒有;可以不需要
get away
from 逃離;遠離
get back to sb.
on sth. 回頭再說;稍後再談
get cut off(電話)被切斷
get in great
shape 把身體鍛煉得很棒
get in the
line 站在隊中
get into
shape 鍛煉
get off on the
wrong foot 搞不好關係
get sth. on
one’s mind 煩惱;擔心
get time off
from 從……中抽出時間
get to a phone 找得著電話
get/be ready
for 準備好
get
updates 保持聯繫
5.
Go
Multiply:
歷年TOEFL聽力最常考的動詞go搭配結構彙編:
go about
流傳
go after
追求;追逐
go around
足夠供應,謠言流傳
go beyond
超出;勝過
go by 憑……判斷;順便拜訪
go down
下降;下跌;消腫
go Dutch
各付個的
go in (into)
詳細調查;從事
go in for
贊成;參加(考試);熱衷於
go off 消失;變質
go on with = go ahead 繼續
go out 出去;洩密;過時
go out of one’s way to do sth. 不辭辛苦做某事
go over
參觀;復習;仔細檢查
go through
通過;經歷;完成
go up 上升;增長;上漲
go all out 全力以赴;竭盡全力
go out of
business 歇業;停業
go through a
lot of money 花了很多錢
6.
Keep
Multiply:
歷年TOEFL聽力最常考的動詞keep搭配結構彙編:
keep an eye on sth. 照看;密切注視
keep in mind
記住
keep in touch with 與……保持聯繫
keep pace with
與……同步前進
keep off
避開
keep on
繼續
keep one’s finger crossed 祝……好運
例句:I will keep my
finger crossed for you.(我要為你祝福。)
keep track of
追蹤;知道;理解
keep up with
跟上;繼續
keep up one’s spirits 振作精神
keep cool
保持冷靜
keep count on
保持聯繫
keep sth. in mind 把……記在心上
keep sb. from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
keep sth. to oneself 不與人交往;保守某事
keep one’s opinion / idea to oneself 不把想法告訴別人
7.
Make
Multiply:
歷年TOEFL聽力最常考的動詞make搭配結構彙編:
make a fuss
大驚小怪;小題大做
make advances
取得進展
make an effort
努力
make a night of it 痛快的玩一晚
make a day of it 做了一整天
make a living
謀生
make a comeback 東山再起
make a face
扮鬼臉
make a point of 堅持要
make certain
肯定;確認
make ends meet
收支平衡
make friends
交朋友
make it
成功
make the deadline 趕上最後期限
make a fortune = make big bucks 掙大錢
make no difference 毫無區別
make out
辨認出;理解
make room for
給……騰地方
make sense
有意義
make sure
確保
make the best of 最充分利用
make the most of 儘量利用
make up (for) 彌補;賠償;補考;化裝
make up one’s mind 下決心
make purchase
買東西;購物
make the wrong turn 拐錯了彎
8.
Put
Multiply:
歷年TOEFL聽力最常考的動詞put搭配結構彙編:
put an end to = put a stop to 終止
put aside
撇開
put away 把……放回原處;收起來
put down
把……記下來
put forward
提出
put off
延期
put into practice 實踐
put on 穿上;上演
put sth. in order 把……弄整齊
put to use
使用
put up 舉起;安頓;參與
put up with
容忍;忍受
put out
熄滅;解雇
put out with
對某人生氣
put out by
由於某事而生氣
put through to
電話接通
9.
Take
Multiply:
歷年TOEFL聽力最常考的動詞take搭配結構彙編:
take action
採取行動
take advantage of 利用
take after
仿效
take care of
照顧
take effect
生效
take change of
負責;管理
take into account = take account of 把……考慮進去
take into consideration 考慮到
take it easy = take things easy 不要緊張;慢慢來
take it for granted 把……當成理所當然
take measures = take steps 採取措施;步驟
take off
起飛
take one’s time doing sth. 從容不迫做某事
take over
接管
take part in
參加
take place
代替
take out sth. on sb. 向某人出氣
take turns
輪流
take up 佔有;著手
take a break
休息,放鬆
take a close look 仔細看一看
take one’s words for something 信任的話
take sb.’s order 接受某人點菜
take up a collection for… 為……征款;募捐
10. Turn
Multiply:
歷年TOEFL聽力最常考的動詞turn搭配結構彙編:
turn around
轉身
turn down
關小;拒絕
turn in = hand in 上交
turn into
把……變成
turn off
關閉
turn on
打開
turn over
移交;再三考慮
turn to
翻到;轉向;求助於
turn up
突然發現;找到;出現
turn out
結果是;培養;生產;打扮
例句:The school has
turned out many first-rate students.(這所學校培養出許多一流的學生。)
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